Every winter, Lake Mattamuskeet transforms into a haven for thousands of migratory birds, drawing visitors from across the region to witness the spectacle. Just over an hour from Washington, the Mattamuskeet National Wildlife Refuge offers a front-row seat to one of nature’s most impressive events: the arrival of species like Tundra Swans, Northern Pintails and Green-winged Teals.

Lake Mattamuskeet, North Carolina’s largest natural lake, serves as a vital habitat along the Atlantic Flyway. The shallow waters, averaging just 1.5 to 2 feet deep, are rich in submerged vegetation that provides food for the wintering birds.

“The lake is a unique and critical habitat for waterfowl,” said Maddie Was, a biological technician at the refuge. “Roughly 50% of the Northern Pintails and 80% of the Green-winged Teals in the Atlantic Flyway spend the winter here.”

Among the many species at the refuge, the Tundra Swan is often the star of the show. With a wingspan of nearly six feet, their presence at the lake is both graceful and commanding. Visitors may also spot Snow Geese, Bald Eagles and other waterfowl, making the refuge a must-visit destination for birdwatchers.

According to Was, an observation platform at the entrance road’s impoundment offers some of the best views of these species in their natural habitat. The impoundments—man-made wetlands designed to support bird populations—are where most of the birds congregate.

“When you come to the refuge, you’ll hear the Northern Pintails—they’re very loud and want you to know they’re here,” shared Was.

Bird migration is often dictated by weather patterns. Mark Dodge, a Hyde County resident and experienced local guide, explained how temperature plays a critical role. “When it is cold where they are, when things begin to freeze over, they begin to move south,” said Dodge. “Their food source dries up, so they need to move.”

Timing is everything when it comes to birdwatching. Dodge and Was agree that early mornings and dusk are the best times to observe the birds. “In the morning, they haven’t left their overnight roosting sites yet, and by dusk, they’re returning to settle for the night,” explained Was.

Bright sunny days are excellent for visibility, but visitors shouldn’t overlook overcast days, when birds are often grouped together for warmth. Windy days can also influence where birds settle, Dodge noted. “Think, ‘If I were a bird, where would I want to be based on how the wind is moving the water?’” he advised.

For those planning their first visit, preparation is key. Bring binoculars or a spotting scope for better views and dress warmly, as temperatures can drop significantly during the winter months. Patience is also essential; smaller species like teal and diving ducks often hide in vegetation and require careful observation.

While the refuge is a prime location for birdwatching, Dodge suggested exploring Hyde County’s backroads for a more intimate experience. These areas, he said, often offer better chances to see birds up close, especially with the guidance of a knowledgeable local.

The Mattamuskeet National Wildlife Refuge is open year-round, but visitors are encouraged to check the refuge’s website or call ahead to confirm accessibility. Refuge hunts and weather conditions can sometimes limit access to certain areas.

For more information, visit the Mattamuskeet National Wildlife Refuge website at fws.gov/refuge/mattamuskeet or call 252-926-4021.

A bevy of Alaskan Tundra Swans takes flight from the shallow waters of Lake Mattamuskeet. Each year, these migratory birds travel thousands of miles to reach North Carolina’s largest natural lake.